Hidden Gems: Captain America #155-156 (Marvel Comics, 1972)

Originally written for the website Primary Ignition, October 2010.

TITLE: Captain America and The Falcon #155 & 156
AUTHOR:
 Steve Englehart
PENCILLER: Sal Buscema
PUBLISHER: Marvel Comics
ORIGINAL PRICE: 20 cents
RELEASED: November and December 1972

By Mike Bessler
Contributor, Commisar of Comic Book History

It was one of those great, serendipitous days that young comic book collectors dream about. I was 14 and on summer break. I didn’t have much of a social life back then and one of my favorite spots was a used bookshop that was not far from my house. About once a month, I’d visit the shop to load up on cheap paperback books and pick up a few random comics from the rusty old spin rack in the back corner of the store.

On the particular day in question, I checked the rack but didn’t find anything exciting. I wandered over to the Horror paperbacks and picked up a book or two before noticing a stray stack of comics sitting atop a pile of books. It was a collection of Captain America and Falcon issues from 1971-1973. I asked the store owner how much she wanted for them, figuring she’d charge a mint…after all, these things were old – older than me, even! I think I walked out of there with the whole lot under $2.00. ‘Twas a real bargain back in those days. There was some great stuff in those comics, including a throwdown or two with the forces of Hydra as well as some other appearances from classic Cap villains.

But the standout in the batch was Captain America #155 which featured a story entitled “The Incredible Origin of the Other Captain America!”  This issue was actually part three of a four issue plot scripted by Steve Englehart. I was fortunate to pick up on the yarn right as the action kicked in.

This issue pits the original Captain America, Steve Rogers, against his little-known replacement William Burnside. Courtesy of a flashback from Young Men Comics #24 (December 1953), it is revealed that Burnside donned ol’ Winghead’s outfit while Rogers was out of commission in the years following World War II. In his heyday, he was billed as “America’s Savior” as he carried forth the mantle of 1950’s America. He was joined by a young protégé who would ultimately become the 1950’s incarnation of Bucky. Together, these resurrected and reinvented heroes fought the “good fight” against a rogues’ gallery of foreign and ideological foes.

This story is a retcon before retconning was cool. The jingoism and paranoia of the Red Scare, coupled with an apparently unstable variation of the Super Soldier serum would ultimately wreak destruction on the psyches and souls of the 1950’s “Sentinels of Liberty.” Burnside – believing that the “real” Captain America perished in a battle with Baron Zemo at the end of World War Two – regards the “1970’s” Cap as a hippie imposer and communist sympathizer and swears to eradicate Rogers and his comrades-in-arms, SHIELD operative Sharon Carter and winged warrior The Falcon.

The ensuing battles between past and (then) present Captains America spills over into issue #156 which – in the pre eBay world – took me some years to find. The Falcon and Sharon Carter tackle a battle-crazed and rabid Bucky as the Captains stage their showdown at the site of the “Torch of Friendship” in Miami, Florida. It’s a slugfest, for sure.  But in the end, the real McCoy wins the day.

Following the battle, Steve Rogers is less than jubilant as he contemplates his victory.  Thinking aloud, he wonders his defeated doppelgänger – a shell of a man consumed with racism, xenophobia and ultra-nationalist fervor – doesn’t really represent a small part of him as well. Moreover, Cap is left to ponder what he himself may have become had the events in his life unfolded much differently.

Captain America #155 and 156 are a terrific example of how popular culture can accurately capture and subsequently reflect the zeitgeist. By late 1972, America had endured the hysteria of McCarthyism, the horrors of Vietnam, the omnipresent possibility of Mutually Assured Destruction, and the evolution of a revolutionary counterculture. Moreover, the tumultuous scandal of Watergate was in its early stages and before long, Americans would begin to see matters regarding leadership and power in a completely new light. These books depict Captain America – and America itself – at a true crossroads in history. It’s the atypical poignancy of the underlying story which makes these issues hidden gems.

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Little red cookbook, continued: Gregory Zinoviev’s scurvy-free steak topping

Zinoviev seriously gets his chow on.

Originally posted 04 May 2010 on greeklish.org

Last week, I was finishing up some steaks on our charcoal grill when it occurred to me that it would be nice to supplement them with something.  I have a small metal pot that’s designed for use on grills (almost like camping gear) and I usually use it to heat barbecue sauce or baked beans.  But I didn’t have either of those things that night, so I thought maybe it would be a good idea to heat up some onions in the pan.  While I was in the kitchen cutting them up, I figured I’d get creative and season the slices up a bit.

As I looked for ingredients to add to the pot, my mind turned to the scene in the film Reds in which Gregory Zinoviev is eating a mixture of onions and lemons as he explains to John Reed that the mixture fends off scurvy:

Zinoviev:  Speak English.  Have a lemon.  You won’t see one for a long time.
Reed:  Thank you.  I just want to know if you think that I was clear in what I said about…
Zinoviev: Eminently clear.  Salt?
Reed:  Salt?
Zinoviev:  For the lemon.
Reed:  Uh, thank you…I see you eat the peel with the lemon.
Zinoviev:  Fights the scurvy.  So does the onion.  Together, they fight better.
(Yeah, this is exactly the kind of thing that runs through my mind all day and all night, no lie…)

I’ve been using lemon as a stir-fry ingredient ever since I got the idea from reading a pseudo-biography about Mao Zedong some years ago and seeing as how onions are a standard when it comes to steak toppings (and the treatment of scurvy, apparently), it seemed fitting to combine them for this experiment.

I grabbed my pot and tossed the onions and steak into it but I figured that there needed to be some other “medium” in the mix so that I wasn’t simply heating the ingredients.  Margarine seemed like a good enough idea but instead of going easy with it, I ended up heaping a healthy dose into the pot so that I’d end up with something of a sauté.  I also added a few spices for an extra zip and heated the pot out on the grill for a while before serving it with dinner.  (The next time I do this, I’ll probably use a little less margarine and more spice, salt and pepper but I won’t corrupt the flavor of the onions and lemons by adding any kind of sauce or herbs.)

I think Thomai (who has a passionate dislike for Zinoviev based solely on how he is depicted in Reds) was as pleasantly surprised with the results as I was.  Rather than covering the steak with the topping, we covered each individual bite with a little onion and a little lemon and it all was quite tasty.  At one point I commented that it didn’t seem healthy to cover steak with margarine but Thomai said it wasn’t the worst thing you could eat.  Hey, at least we’ll be scurvy free!


Gregory Zinoviev’s Scurvy-Free Steak Topping



Ingredients:
1 small to medium onion
1 lemon
2 heaping tablespoons margarine
¼ tsp. cayenne pepper
salt
pepper

Directions:  Skin and chop 1 onion.  Slice 1 lemon.  Combine ingredients in a pot with butter, cayenne pepper and salt & pepper (to taste).  Place over high heat for 10 minutes, stirring occasionally.  For best results, serve in pot to retain heat.  Use as topping for cooked steak or pork, combining lemon (pulp and/or peel) and onion with meat in each and every bite.

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On Building the Polemic

You don’t have to be a Marxist to appreciate the fact that few people have ever been so skilled at building polemic arguments as V.I. Lenin.  Consider this passage from his 1915 work New Data on the Laws Governing the Development of Capitalism in Agriculture in which Lenin set out to refute the assertions of a prominent Russian economist of the day:

All these assertions are monstrously untrue. They are in direct contradiction to reality. They are a sheer mockery of the truth. Their incorrectness ought to be explained in detail for a very good reason…[1]

Such an introduction to a complex and multifaceted debate immediately compels the reader to accept the infallibility of the forthcoming counterpoint(s).  It’s a methodical attack, meant to undermine the fallacious claims of an opponent while simultaneously and explicitly asserting the validity of the forthcoming comments.

This method is among the more useful and effective tactics in both the most simple and complex of political debates.

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Which Technique Is Better for WWE Theatrics? (a.k.a. The Most Ridiculous Thing I Have Ever Written)

Originally posted somewhere on the Internet in early 2009. Edited and improved for maximum, super-fantastic reading experience.

People come to the “Internet Wrestling Community” for all kinds of reasons.  Some of us really like wrestling and we’re looking for breaking news, gossip and the like.  Some of us really enjoy writing and the IWC provides a decent forum to share our love of the “sport” with like-minded folks all around the world.  And then there are those of us who come to the IWC to engage in a bit of shameless narcissism and self-promotion. Ah, the joys of user-generated content…Anyway, that brings me to the important point of why I’m part of the IWC: Well, it turns out, I never really gave it too much thought.  I guess it’s of all of the above.  Look, I’m trying to make things better for everyone here.  And I’m not just talking about the IWC wrestling community, either.  Even Jim Ross has acknowledged in a recent blog article that people are really unhappy with the declining quality of the WWE “product” as a whole.  I really want to help out and I figure that writing articles for the IWC is the best way to accomplish this.

For example, in one of my most recent articles, I opined that WWE should bring back stables and factions to make things more interesting.  Now, I don’t think that WWE has jumped on my suggestions just yet but one thing I know for sure is that my whole “factions” thing really, really screwed up the IWC’s wrestling section something awful.  Oh well.  I guess you can’t make an omelette du fromage without breaking a few eggs, eh?  I am sure it’s just a matter of time before my suggestions to WWE start getting implemented because I’m sure that the WWE creative team reads all the IWC wrestling articles thoroughly.  In fact, I bet they probably read each article at least twice.  And they read the really, really good ones three or four times just because they’re so damn good.  Really.  So with all of that out of the way, I want to share a new idea with everyone:  Acting lessons for WWE talent.

On its face, it probably sounds like a fairly obvious move.  I mean, most wrestling fans (with the possible exception of a few guys who write for the IWC) know that wrestling is not a real competitive sport.  These days, pro wrestling is almost as much about the acting that happens between the matches as it is about the action in the ring.  So these guys have to work to make it look convincing…and interesting.  I’m sure that WWE has some acting coaches on staff to help with basic character development and delivery, but I tend to doubt that this training is terribly in-depth.  Nobody but a real “insider” would know for sure and I don’t think we have any of those here in the IWC.  What I am putting forth in this article is that WWE talent needs to adopt a very specific direction in regard to the theatrical elements of the production.

In the course of my time with the IWC, I have heard now and again about a common method used to settle disputes:  The “Creature vs. Creature” contest.  I think somebody even asked me to compete against him in one of these once, but at the time I was looking for more of a challenge, so I decided to buy a connect-the-dots book from the local Dollar Tree.  Hell, I can’t even remember that guy’s name now. Damn, what a missed opportunity. But now here I am with a serious issue to resolve, so I am going to initiate a full scale “Creature vs. Creature” debate on the matter at hand.  For this contest, I have selected the only opponent that I deem worthy of such a challenge:  myself.  So here it is, my first “Creature vs. Creature” article in which I seek to answer the following question:

Stanislavski’s “System” or Brecht’s “V effect”:  Which technique is better for WWE theatrics?

Bear in mind that I don’t have a degree in the dramatic arts and it has been about two decades since my last theater class.  I am a little rusty on the basics of Stanislavski, so that particular topic required some study on my part.  I am admittedly partial to the works of Brecht and I have to confess that I am especially fond of anything involving or utilizing the so-called “V effect.”

Onward…


Part 1:  Stanislavski’s “System” is a better technique for WWE theatrics.

Constantin Sergeyevich Stanislavski

Stanislavski’s “System” is named for Constantin Stanislavski, a Russian actor and one of the more innovative directors of the theater during the early twentieth century.  The “system” is a specific approach that requires actors or actresses to “live the part” or “be the part,” and to portray a given role with some degree of empathy.  It is arguably an intense approach to acting that nonetheless holds that the immersion in a character is not necessarily complete and all-encompassing.  In short, the actor or actress should maintain some level of independence or objectivity from the role itself so as to determine whether or not the role is being effectively presented.

Consider this hypothetical example:  In a surprise move, WWE has moved Chris Jericho from “main event” status to the midcard for another run at the Intercontinental title.  Most folks would see this as a demotion, but Jericho has to effectively sell this as something other than that.  WWE is banking that a 3-way storyline involving Jericho, Regal and CM Punk would be more than intriguing than a standard back-and-forth between two talents.  Remember, Jericho is a character.  Moreover, “Heel Jericho” is a different character altogether from “Y2J.”  That is an important distinction to consider as we apply the Stanislavski system in this vignette.  Also, I am going to minimize Jericho’s interaction with the crowd because I think retaining the “fourth wall” allows for a more effective presentation of the system.

*    *    *

Scene:  10:00 PM on Monday Night Raw, 2 weeks before WrestleMania 25.  Back from the commercial, we see Jerry Lawler in the center of the ring with Jericho, who entered the arena during the break.  Both have microphones.  After a few minutes of “You suck!” chants directed at Jericho, Lawler address Jericho…

Lawler:  Chris, the WWE Universe was shocked last week when you knocked CM Punk off the podium at the Wrestlemania 25 media event, proclaimed that you are the greatest  Intercontinental champion of all time and challenged him to defend the title against you at Wrestlemania.  Now you have been added to the match between Punk and Regal in a no-disqualification triple threat match.  Chris, you’re an eight-time Intercontinental champion.  What will another title run prove to anyone?

Jericho slowly scans the arena and raises the microphone to speak.

Jericho:  Prove?  What do I have to prove to anyone?  Am I supposed to prove something to you, “King”?  How many times did you lay claim to title after title after title in your rinky-dink promotions in the south?  How many times did you festoon yourself with superficial accolades and self-adulation while people like me had to come upon recognition honestly?  Through blood and sweat, through hard work and unflinching candor, Jericho made Jericho.  Not the fickle fans nor the sleazy promoters, not the hack writers for mainstream wrestling rags nor the insecure teenage heroes of the blogosphere.  Am I supposed to prove my worth to those people?  Hardly.  Why I do what I do day after day, month after month, year after year is for my benefit. I am who I am because I have to look myself in the mirror and appreciate who I am and what I’ve done.  I am a happy man, Jerry Lawler.  But I could be happier.  And what will make me happy now is to tear down the false idols of the WWE starting with this “wannabe” champion from a third rate promotion, this disingenuous impostor CM Punk.  I will take his title and assume my rightful place as the greatest Intercontinental Champion of all time and in doing so, I will begin my campaign to reshape the whole of WWE in my own image.  My image – the one you see before you today – was created through the kind of suffering and struggle that you old-timers have forgotten.  And the young ones…Well, they haven’t the slightest clue what real sacrifice means.  But when I show them, they will learn the hardest of hard ways and I assure you that young and old, present and future, the WWE will never, ever be the same…again.

Curtain.

Note:  Consider for a moment that Jericho was cast in a slightly different bit that somehow involved him punching and spitting on Mickie James.  Were he to channel his recent experiences with a female Canadian fan, that wouldn’t really be Stanislavski at work.  That, friends, would be “Method” acting.  There’s a big difference.

Part 2.  Brecht’s “V effect” is a better technique for WWE theatrics.

Bertolt Brecht

German playwright and director Betolt Brecht  is well known for his revolutionary and avant-garde approaches to theater.  One of his most notable contributions to the world of drama was his Verfremdungseffekt (say that 10 times fast, bitches) or “V effect.”  Sometimes translated as the “Alienation effect” or “Distancing effect,” the “V effect” is intended to evoke objective and critical observation from the audience as opposed to the kind of emotional investment that might result from sympathetic or empathetic observers.  Some of Brecht’s signature techniques in his theatrical productions included his experimental, avant-garde approach and his use of historical themes to deliver poignant messages.

The following short play is presented using key elements of Brecht’s “V effect” to create a very unique, surreal alternative to WWE’s current style of bland, one-dimensional theatrics.

*    *    *

Scene:  9:01 PM, the final Monday Night Raw before WrestleMania 25.  Randy Orton is booked to Wrestle John Cena for the WWE title at WrestleMania.  The show opens with Ted DiBiase Jr. and Cody Rhodes in the ring.  The arena is dark, but Team Priceless are standing together in a single, orange-tinted spotlight.  They are wearing black hooded tunics that cover their bodies to the mid-thigh (It is apparent that they are wearing wrestling gear underneath).  They stand side-by-side facing the Titan Tron.  Their legs are slightly apart and their heads hang down so that the only visible features of their faces are their mouths.  Randy Orton is not visible to the audience because he is underneath the ring.

DiBiase and Rhodes:  Master, reveal thyself to us.  You complete us!  We are but lowly denizens of the midcard without you!

Orton (from beneath the ring):  I will not.  This curse of I.E.D. has made me a monster.  A heel.

DiBiase and Rhodes:  A monster heel?  Nay!

Orton:  Yea, verily.  I cannot show my face to my admirers without a title around my waist.  All of my conquests are therefore without meaning.

DiBiase and Rhodes:  Master, thou art a paradox wrapped within a paradox wrapped within a paradox.  You are a champion without a title and a king without a crown.

Orton:  I am an abomination.  Show me what evidence you have of my superiority and I will reveal myself should you prove your case.

DiBiase and Rhodes raise their heads to face the Tron.  The tips of the hoods still obscure their faces.  The screen is cloudy at first but the mist clears to reveal the face of the Undertaker.

The Undertaker:  Randy Orton…I destroyed you at Hell in a Cell many years ago.  I left you bloodied and defeated.  I also gave your father hepatitis.

Orton:  Alack!  It’s not a victory of which you speak…but a defeat!  I am exposed!

The mist gathers again and clears to reveal the face of Triple H.

Triple H:  Orton, you didn’t beat me.  I let you win.

Orton:  Zounds!  I am undone!

The screen is cloudy for a moment and then it clears again to reveal the face of John Cena’s father.

Mr. Cena:  Randy, you may have punted me in the head, but you could not vanquish my son.  The moment of retribution is at hand!  Now, will somebody please answer that damn phone?

Orton:  This I cannot take!  I am not a champion.  Regular.  Kindly.  Overrated.

Down the ramp walks a solitary calf that is painted gold.  A card hangs around its neck with the word “CENA” written on it.  Cody Rhodes quickly falls to his knees and presses his ear to the mat.

Rhodes:  Master!

Orton:  Yes, child?

DiBiase (whispering):  Your destiny has arrived.

Curtain.


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